According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, India recorded 28,413 deaths due to heart attacks in 2021, which rose to 35,715 in 2023 representing an increase of approximately 25.7% in two years. But a bigger concern than these rising numbers is the growing vulnerability of younger adults. Recent reports suggest that among young heart attack patients, about 1 in 5 is aged 40 or younger challenging the belief that heart attacks primarily affect older people.
Why are Indians particularly vulnerable? Research indicates that South Asians tend to develop cardiovascular disease 5–10 years earlier than many other populations. Genetic predisposition, abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance contribute to this risk. If heart disease runs in your family, do not ignore it simply because you feel healthy.
Diabetes and obesity make the picture more concerning. Approximately 77 million Indian adults were estimated to be living with diabetes, according to the World Health Organization, while projections from the International Diabetes Federation suggest that the number could reach 134 million by 2045. Diabetes damages blood vessels and increases cardiovascular risk. Obesity, particularly excess abdominal fat, can contribute to high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol and insulin resistance. South Asians can develop these metabolic problems even at comparatively lower body weights.
Genetics, however, is only part of the picture. Modern lifestyles have introduced additional risks, particularly among young professionals. Long working hours, demanding deadlines, workplace stress, inadequate sleep and prolonged sitting are increasingly common. Limited physical activity, processed foods, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption further compound cardiovascular risk. Together, these factors can accelerate heart disease, especially when combined with diabetes or obesity. You might feel young and energetic, but that does not automatically mean your heart is healthy.
High blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol can develop without obvious symptoms. Do not wait for your body to send an unmistakable warning before paying attention. Recognising warning signs can save lives. Chest pressure or heaviness, pain spreading to the arm, back, neck or jaw, shortness of breath, cold sweating, nausea, dizziness and unusual fatigue can indicate a heart attack. Symptoms may vary, particularly among women. These signs should never be dismissed as acidity, anxiety or exhaustion. Anyone experiencing symptoms suggestive of a heart attack should seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Prevention begins with awareness and regular screening. Monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose can help identify risks before serious complications develop. Individuals with diabetes, obesity, smoking habits or a family history of premature heart disease should consult healthcare professionals about appropriate screening intervals.
Although genetics cannot be changed, many cardiovascular risks can be reduced. Regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, stress management, avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol and monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose all contribute to better heart health. Change begins with recognising that heart health is not an age-specific concern and the best time to protect it is before it gives its first warning.