Current Scenario of Clinical Trials of Cell, Gene and RNA Therapies

Current Scenario of Clinical Trials of Cell, Gene and RNA Therapies

Constant emergence of new gene therapies as well as refinement of the existing ones changes the global landscape of the cell and gene therapies clinical trials, where the US, China, and Europe are leading in respect of the number of trials conducted. As per Global Data, China showed 15% faster growth in cell and gene therapy clinical trials making the Asia-Pacific region contributes for one-third of the trial activities. As a result, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing 50% faster growth than the rest of the world (ROW). Asia Pacific region leads globally in terms of CAR-T cell gene therapy clinical trials for the time period 2015-2022 since China alone conducted ~60% of all CAR-T trials. Till April 2022, there are 19 approved gene therapies, 17 RNA-approved therapies while 56 non-genetically modified approved cell therapies (Figure 1). Details of the approved location of the clinical trials of gene therapies and RNA therapies drug product are provided in Table No.1 and Table No. 2 respectively, which presents a bird’s-eye view of the landscape of the clinical trials of the approved gene and RNA therapies.

Engineered Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics

Engineered Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics

Therapeutic agents in cancer treatment are aimed at rapidly dividing cells, limiting their multiplication, and promoting apoptosis. The lack of selectivity of these conventional methods resulted in needless damage to normal cells leading to severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology in medicine gratifies the constraint in conventional treatment by delivering conventional drugs to the targeted tissue or organ and plays an important role in targeting the delivery, thereby avoiding systemic toxicity and increasing the bioavailability and therapeutic index of the drug. The advantage of using nanoparticles as drug carriers are in their binding competence and reversing multidrug resistance. Using active and passive targeting strategies, nanoparticles enhance intracellular drug concentrations. The present review focuses the on the basic pathophysiology of cancer and the various types of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems that have been explored so far, taking advantage of the tumor vasculature and other molecular mechanisms which differentiates cancer cells from normal ones, for the delivery of anticancer therapeutics for effective management of cancer. The article also aims to focus on the various surface-engineered nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of cancer.